Ética e inteligencia artificial en entornos educativos rurales: percepciones, prácticas y brechas regulatorias en una institución colombiana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70577/s.e.v4i3.130Palabras clave:
clave: ética de la inteligencia artificial, educación rural, formación docente, privacidad de datos, integridad académica, regulación educativa, ColombiaResumen
La presente investigación nace con la finalidad de analizar las percepciones, prácticas de uso y actitudes hacia la regulación ética de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en una institución educativa rural del departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia, que atiende a 500 estudiantes con conectividad intermitente. Esta responde a un vacío documentado: la literatura iberoamericana sobre ética de la IA en educación se concentra en contextos urbanos y universitarios, sin producir evidencia desde la ruralidad de educación básica y media. Se empleó un diseño mixto secuencial explicativo (QUAN → qual). La fase cuantitativa aplicó un cuestionario de 42 ítems (CPAE-IA, α = 0.87) a 138 participantes 97 estudiantes de secundaria y media, 27 docentes, 14 directivos y administrativos mediante muestreo estratificado proporcional. Cuatro grupos focales (n = 24) se analizaron con análisis temático reflexivo. El 63.8 % de los estudiantes usa IA generativa al menos semanalmente, pero solo el 18.4 % ha recibido orientación ética. La correlación entre formación docente en competencias éticas digitales e integración pedagógica responsable fue significativa (r = 0.61, p < .001). El modelo de regresión múltiple (R² = .543) identificó el conocimiento ético previo (β = 0.48) y la percepción de riesgo sobre privacidad (β = 0.39) como predictores principales de actitudes favorables hacia la regulación; la frecuencia de uso no fue predictora. Las categorías cualitativas revelan naturalización del uso de IA sin comprensión de mecanismos de sesgo ni de las condiciones de tratamiento de datos personales. Los resultados aportan evidencia para diseñar políticas de formación ética en contextos rurales latinoamericanos.
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